Allelopathy in Trees and Forests:
A Selected Bibliography

Dr. Kim D. Coder
Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources
The University of Georgia

April 1999

Allelopathy in trees and forests is an important health care issue. Allelopathy is the chemical modification of the site by an individual to enhance interference effectiveness. Allelopathy also involves the ecological communications between species which can positively or negatively influence growth, behavior, reproduction, and survival of associated species.

To assist people in appreciating the scientific literature on this subject, this selected bibliography was developed. This bibliography is not intended to be all-inclusive of allelopathy research literature, but tries to include every major investigative trail being followed in the last few decades. Older works were not included because they are broadly cited in many current papers. This bibliography cites only those works in English.

This bibliography is for assisting professionals interested in allelopathy to quickly identify both original research papers and scientific review articles about allelopathy as related to trees and forests.

• Ahlgren, CE, and Ahlgren, IF. 1981. Some effects of different forest litters on seed germination and growth. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 11:710-714.
• al Humaid, AI, and Warrag, MOA. 1998. Allelopathic effects of mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) foliage on seed germination and seedling growth of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon). Journal of Arid Environments 38:237-243.
• Bisla, SS, Nandal, DPS, and Narwal, SS. 1992. Influence of aqueous leaf extracts of eucalyptus and poplar on the germination and seedling growth of winter crops. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems, P. Tauro and S.S. Narwal editors., Indian Society of Allelopathy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. pp. 95-97.
• Boufalis, A, and Pellissier, F. 1994. Allelopathic effects of phenolic mixtures on respiration of two spruce mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20: 2283-2289.
• Bramble, WC, Byrnes, WR, Hutnik, RJ, and Liscinsky, SA. 1996. Interference factors responsible for resistance of forb grass cover types to tree invasion on an electric utility right of way. Journal of Arboriculture 22:99-105.
• Bremner, JM, and McCarty, GW. 1993. Inhibition of nitrification in soil by allelochemicals derived from plants and plant residues. Soil Biochemistry 8:181-218.
• Caboun, V. 1992. Allelopathy research in forest ecosystems of Czechoslovakia. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems, P. Tauro and S.S. Narwal editors., Indian Society of Allelopathy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. p.212.
• Callaway, RM. 1991. Effects of Quercus douglasii on grassland productivity and nutrient cycling in central California. Dissertation Abstracts International. B, Sciences and Engineering 51:4155B-4156B.
• Carr, K. 1997. Apical meristem inhibition by tree and shrub roots. Journal of Biological Education 31:176-180.
• Chellamuthu, V, Balasusbramanian, TN, Rajarajan, A, and Palaniappan, SN. 1997. Allelopathic influence of Prosopis juliflora on field crops. Allelopathy Journal 4:291-302.
• Chou, CH. 1989. The role of allelopathy in biochemical ecology: Experience from Taiwan. Biologia Plantarum 31:458-470.
• Churkin, SP, and Stepen, RA. 1983. Influence of volatile secretions of pine and certain herbaceous plants on the development of pine seeds and seedlings. Soviet Journal of Ecology 14:83-86.
• Clinton, BD, and Vose, JM. 1996. Effects of Rhododendron maximum on Acer rubrum seedling establishment. Castanea 61:38-45.
• Coder, Kim D. 1983. Seasonal changes of Juglone potential in leaves of black walnut (Juglans nigra). Journal of Chemical Ecology 9(8):1203-1212.
• Davis, JN. 1988. Seedling establishment biology and patterns of interspecific association among establishment seeded and nonseeded species on a chained juniper pinyon woodland in central Utah. Dissertation Abstracts International, B Sciences and Engineering 49:2020B.
• Dawson, JO, Knowlton, S, and Sun, SH. 1981. The effect of juglone concentration on the growth of Frankia in vitro. Forestry Research Report, Department of Forestry, University of Illinois, No. 81, 2 pp.
• de Scisciolo, B, Leopold, DJ, and Walton, DC. 1990. Seasonal patterns of juglone in soil beneath Juglans nigra (black walnut) and influence of J. nigra on understory vegetation. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16:1111-1130.
• Drew, AP. 1988. Interference of black cherry by ground flora of the Allegheny uplands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 18:652-656.
• Einhellig, F.A. 1995. Allelopathy: Current status and future goals. Chapter 1 in Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications edited by Inderjit, K.M.M. Dakshini, and F.A. Einhellig. American Chemical Society Symposium Series #582. Washington D.C. pp. 1-24.
• Einhellig, F.A. 1995. Mechanism of action of allelochemicals in allelopathy. Chapter 7 in Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications edited by Inderjit, K.M.M. Dakshini, and F.A. Einhellig. American Chemical Society Symposium Series #582. Washington D.C. pp. 96-116.
• Evans, D. 1987. Advantages and disadvantages of nitrogen fixing trees in agroforestry cropping systems. East-West Center Working Paper. Environment and Policy Institute, East-West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii. 46pp.
• Everett, RL, Java, BJS, Scherer, GR, Wilt, FM, and Ottmar, RD. 1995. Co-occurrence of hydrophobicity and allelopathy in sand pits under burned slash. Soil Science Society of America Journal 59:1176-1183.
• Fetene, M, and Habtemariam, S. 1995. Investigations on allelopathic properties of coffee (Coffea arabica.) leaves, pulp and tree canopy soil. Sinet, an Ethiopian Journal of Science 18:51-65.
• Fischer, NH. 1986. The function of mono and sesquiterpenes as plant germination and growth regulators. The Science of Allelopathy by Putnam, AR, and Tang, CS. pp. 203-218. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York.
• Fisher, R.F. 1987. Allelopathy: A potential cause of forest regeneration. Chapter 16 in Allelochemicals: Role in Agriculture and Forestry edited by G.R. Waller. American Chemical Society Symposium Series #330. Washington, D.C. pp. 176-184.
• Fucik, J.E. and Davila, D. 1988. Mature ash trees affect the growth of adjacent young grapefruit trees. Journal of the Rio Grande Valley Horticultural Society 41:115-118.
• Gallet, C, and Pellissier, F. 1997. Phenolic compounds in natural solutions of a coniferous forest. Journal of Chemical Ecology 23:2401-2412.
• Gallet, C. 1994. Allelopathic potential in bilberry spruce forests: influence of phenolic compounds on spruce seedlings. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20:1009-1024.
• Goel, U, Saxena, DB, Kumar, B, and Birendra, K. 1989. Comparative study of allelopathy as exhibited by Prosopis juliflora and Prosopis cineraria. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15:591-600.
• Gordon, AM, and Williams, PA. 1988. Intercropping valuable hardwood tree species and agricultural crops. Agrologist 17:12-14.
• Gresham, CA, and Edwards, MB. 1995. Tallowtree (Sapium sebiferum) allelopathy affects loblolly pine seed germination and seedling growth. Proceedings of the Eighth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference. General Technical Report Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service. SRS-1, p.338-340.
• Harrington, MG. 1987. Phytotoxic potential of Gambel oak on ponderosa pine seed germination and initial growth. Research Paper, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service. #RM 277. 7 pp.
• Heilman, P, and Stettler, RF. 1985. Mixed, short rotation culture of red alder and black cottonwood: growth, coppicing, nitrogen fixation, and allelopathy. Forest Science 31:607-616.
• Heisey, RM. 1990. Evidence for allelopathy by tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima). Journal of Chemical Ecology 16:2039-2055.
• Heisey, RM. 1996. Identification of an allelopathic compound from Ailanthus altissima and characterization of its herbicidal activity. American Journal of Botany 83:192-200.
• Heisey, RM. 1997. Allelopathy and the secret life of Ailanthus altissima. Arnoldia (Boston) 57:28-36.
• Hollis, CA, Smith, JE, and Fishe,r RF. 1982. Allelopathic effects of common understory species on germination and growth of southern pines. Forest Science 28:509-515.
• Inderjit, and del Moral, R. 1997. Is separating resource competition from allelopathy realistic? Botanical Review 63:221-230.
• Inderjit, and Mallik, AU. 1997. Effect of phenolic compounds on selected soil properties. Forest Ecology and Management 92:11-18.
• Jadhav, BB, and Gaynar, DG. 1995. Effect of Casuarina equisetifolia leaf litter leachates on germination and seedling growth of rice and cowpea. Allelopathy Journal 2:105-108.
• Jobidon, R. 1986. Allelopathic potential of coniferous species to old field weeds in eastern Quebec. Forest Science 32:112-118.
• Jobidon, R. 1992. Allelopathy in Quebec forestry case studies in natural and managed ecosystems. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied Aspects. S.J.H. Rizvi and V. Rizvi, editors. Chapman & Hall, London, UK. pp. 341-356.
• Joshi, PC, Om, Prakash, and Prakash, O. 1992. Allelopathic effects of litter extract of some tree species on germination and seedling growth of agricultural crops. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems, P. Tauro and S.S. Narwal editors., Indian Society of Allelopathy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. pp. 127-128.
• Jumpponen, A, Mattson, K, Trappe, JM, and Ohtonen, R. 1998. Effects of established willows on primary succession on Lyman Glacier forefront, North Cascade Range, Washington, USA: Evidence for simultaneous canopy inhibition and soil facilitation. Arctic and Alpine Research 30: 31-39.
• Kil, BS, 1989. Allelopathic effects of five pine species in Korea. Phytochemical Ecology: Allelochemicals, Mycotoxins and Insect Pheromones and Allomones, C.H. Chou and G.R. Waller editors. Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica Monograph Series. No. 9, 81-99.
• Kil, BS, 1992. Effect of pine allelochemicals on selected species in Korea. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied Aspects. S.J.H. Rizvi and V. Rizvi, editors. Chapman & Hall, London, UK. pp. 205-241.
• Kil, BS, and Yim, Y J. 1983. Allelopathic effects of Pinus densiflora on undergrowth of red pine forest. Journal of Chemical Ecology 9:1135-1151.
• Kinney, KK, Lindroth, RL, Jung, SM, and Nordheim, EV. 1997. Effects of CO2 and NO3 availability on deciduous trees: Phytochemistry and insect performance. Ecology 78:215-230.
• Kohli, RK, Daizy, B, Singh, HP, Batish, D. 1996. Performance of some winter season crops under Populus deltoides in a simultaneous agroforestry system. Proceedings of IUFRO DNAES International Meeting on Resource Inventory Techniques to Support Agroforestry and Environment, R.K. Kohli and K.S. Arya, editors. pp. 187-190. HKT Publications, Chandigarh, India.
• Kohli, RK, Singh, HP, and Batish, DR. 1997. Phytotoxic potential of Populus deltoides I. Comparative contribution of different parts. Indian Journal of Forestry 20: 300-304.
• Kohli, RK. 1994. Allelopathic implications of Eucalyptus in agro ecosystems. Allelopathy in Agriculture and Forestry, S.S. Narwal and P. Tauro. First National Symposium Allelopathy in Agroecosystems. pp. 75-91. Scientific Publishers, Jodphur, India.
• Kolb, TE. 1988. Allelopathic effects of Kentucky bluegrass on northern red oak and yellow poplar. Journal of Arboriculture 14:281-283.
• Konar, J, and Kushari, DP. 1995. Effect of Eucalyptus globulus leachates on the growth and diosgenin content of Costus speciosus. Allelopathy Journal 2:215-218.
• Kuiters AT, 1991. Phenolic substances in forest leaf litter and their impact on plant growth in forest vegetations. Ecological Responses to Environmental Stresses. J. Rozema and J.A.C. Verkleij, editors. pp. 252-260 in Tasks for Vegetation Science #22. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
• Larson, MM, Patel, SH, and Vimmerstedt, JP. 1995. Allelopathic interactions between herbaceous species and trees grown in topsoil and spoil media. Journal of Sustainable Forestry 3:39-52.
• Li, HH, Lajide, L, Nishimura, H, Hasegawa, K, and Mizutani, J. 1993. Allelochemicals in the soil beneath Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Weed Research Tokyo 38:282-293.
• Lin, LJ, Peiser, G, Ying, BP, Mathias, K, Karasina, MF, Wang, Z, Itatani, J, Green, L, and Hwang, YS. 1995. Identification of plant growth inhibitory principles in Ailanthus altissma and Castela tortuosa. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 43:1708-1711.
• Lodhi, MAK, and Killingbeck, KT. 1980. Allelopathic inhibition of nitrification and nitrifying bacteria in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) community. American Journal of Botany 67:1423-1429.
• Lodhi, MAK, and Killingbeck, KT. 1982. Effects of pine produced chemicals on selected understory species in a Pinus ponderosa community. Journal of Chemical Ecology 8:275-283.
• Lodhi, MAK. 1978. Allelopathic effects of decaying litter of dominant trees and their associated soil in a lowland forest community. American Journal of Botany 65:340-344.
• Lodhi, MAK. 1978. Comparative inhibition of nitrifiers and nitrification in a forest community as a result of the allelopathic nature of various tree species. American Journal of Botany 65:1135-1137.
• Lodhi, MAK. 1981. Factorial allelopathy: stress of aging, possible mineralization, nitrification, and individualistic pressure of different tree species in a forest community. Pakistan Journal of Botany 13:3-16.
• Maclaren, P. 1983. Chemical welfare in the forest: A review of allelopathy with regard to New Zealand forestry. New Zealand Journal of Forestry 28:73-92.
• Mallik, AU. 1987. Allelopathic potential of Kalmia angustifolia to black spruce (Picea mariana). Forest Ecology and Management 20:43-51.
• Mallik, AU. 1992. Possible role of allelopathy in growth inhibition of softwood seedlings in Newfoundland. Allelopathy: Basic and Applied Aspects. S.J.H. Rizvi and V. Rizvi, editors. Chapman & Hall, London, UK. pp. 321-340.
• Mallik, AU. 1996. Effect of NPK fertilizations on Kalmia angustifolia: implications for forest disturbance and conifer regeneration. Forest Ecology and Management 81:135-141.
• May, FE, and Ash, JE. 1990. An assessment of the allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus. Australian Journal of Botany 38:245-254.
• Mehar, N, Uzma, S, Khan, MA, Noor, M, and Salam, U. 1995. Allelopathic effects of Prosopis juliflora. Journal of Arid Environments 31:83-90.
• Mizutani, F, Hirota, R, and Kadoya, K. 1988. Inhibition of beta cyanoalanine synthase activity by growth inhibitors from peach roots. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 57:22-27.
• Mukhopadhyay, SK, Mondal, DC, and Hossain, A. 1995. Possible production of plant herbicides from Eucalyptus. Proceedings of the National Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture in Sub-humid zone, M.K. Dasgupta, D.C. Ghosh, D.D. Gupta, D.K. Majumdar, G.N. Chattopadhyay, P.K. Ganguli, P.S. Munsi, and D. Bhattacharya, editors. pp. 281-285. Visva Bharati, Institute of Agriculture, Birbhum, India.
• Narwal, S.S. and P. Tauro, editors. 1994. Allelopathy in Agriculture and Forestry. First National Symposium on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems. Scientific Publishers, Jodphur, India.
• Neave, IA, and Dawson, JO. 1989. Juglone reduces growth, nitrogenase activity, and root respiration of actinorhizal black alder seedlings. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15:1823-1836.
• Pande, CB, Purohit, MC, Rawat, MSM, Pant, G. 1996. Bioassay studies with allelochemicals from the bark of Prunus cornuta. Proceedings of the International Conference Allelopathy: Field Observations and Methodology (Volume 1). S.S. Narwal and P. Tauro, editors. pp. 289-293. Scientific Publishers, Jodphur, India .
• Park, YG, Kang, GS, and Shin, DI. 1988. Allelopathic potentials of Larix leptolepis on germination of several forest tree species. Journal of Korean Forestry Society 77:17-22.
• Penuelas, J, and Llusia, J. 1998. Influence of intra and inter specific interference on terpene emission by Pinus halepensis and Quercus ilex seedlings. Biologia Plantarum 41: 130-143.
• Petranka, JW, and McPherson, JK. 1979. The role of Rhus copallina in the dynamics of the forest prairie ecotone in north central Oklahoma. Ecology 60:956-965.
• Piedrahita, O. 1984. Black walnut toxicity. Factsheet #84, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Ontario. 2 pp.
• Ponder, F. Jr. 1986. Effect of three weeds on the growth and mycorrhizal infection of black walnut seedlings. Canadian Journal of Botany 64:1888-1892.
• Ponder, F. Jr., and Tadros, SH. 1985. Juglone concentration in soil beneath black walnut interplanted with nitrogen fixing species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 11:937-942.
• Putnam, AR, and Tang, CS. 1986. The Science of Allelopathy. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York. 317pp.
• Putnam, AR, and Weston, LA, 1986. Adverse impacts of allelopathy in agricultural systems. The Science of Allelopathy by Putnam, AR, and Tang, CS. pp. 43-56. John Wiley & Sons Inc. New York..
• Putnum, A.R. and C-S. Tang. 1986. Allelopathy: State of the science. Chapter 1 in The Science of Allelopathy by A.R. Putnum and C-S. Tang. John Wiley and Sons. pp.1-19.
• Rabotnov, TA. 1982. Importance of the evolutionary approach to the study of allelopathy. Soviet Journal of Ecology 12:127-130.
• Rawat, MSM, Geeta, P, Devi, P., Joshi, RK, Pande, CB, Pant, G, and Prasad, D. 1998. Plant growth inhibitors (proanthocyanidins) from Prunus armeniaca. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 26:13-23.
• Rice, E.L. 1984. Allelopathic effects of woody species on patterning: Trees. A portion of Chapter 5 in Allelopathy (2nd edition) by E.L. Rice. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. pp. 173-187.
• Rice, E.L. 1984. Introduction. Chapter 1 in Allelopathy (2nd edition) by E.L. Rice. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. pp. 1-7.
• Rice, E.L. 1984. Manipulated ecosystems: Roles of allelopathy in forestry and horticulture. A portion of Chapter 3 in Allelopathy (2nd edition) by E.L. Rice. Academic Press, Orlando, FL. pp. 74-103.
• Rice, E.L. 1987. Allelopathy: An overview. Chapter 2 in Allelochemicals: Role in Agriculture and Forestry edited by G.R. Waller. American Chemical Society Symposium Series #330. Washington D.C. pp. 8-22.
• Rice, E.L. 1995. Allelopathic effects of woody plants. A portion of Chapter 8 in Biological Control of Weeds and Plant Diseases: Advances in Applied Allelopathy by E.L. Rice. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK. pp. 317-365.
• Richardson, DR, and Williamson, GB. 1988. Allelopathic effects of shrubs of the sand pine scrub on pines and grasses of the sandhills. Forest Science 34:592-605.
• Rietveld, WJ. 1983. Allelopathic effects of juglone on germination and growth of several herbaceous and woody species. Journal of Chemical Ecology 9:295-308.
• Rink, G, and van Sambeek, JW. 1987. Variation among four white ash families in response to competition and allelopathy. Forest Ecology and Management 18:127-134.
• Rypma, RB. 1989. Are black walnut trees poisonous to holly? Holly Society Journal 7: 5-14.
• Sanginga, N, and Swift, MJ. 1992. Nutritional effects of Eucalyptus litter on the growth of maize (Zea mays). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 41:55-65.
• Saxena, A, and Sharma, AK. 1996. Allelopathic potential of Acacia tortilis in agroforestry systems of arid regions. Allelopathy Journal 3:81-84.
• Shivanna, Lokesha, R, and Prasanna, KT. 1992. Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus: an assessment on the response of agricultural crops. Myforest 28:131-137.
• Singh, SK, and Verma, KR. 1988. Allelopathic effects of leachates and extracts of Pinus roxburghii on four legumes in Kumaun Himalayas. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 58:412-413.
• Singh, SP, and Gupta, KC. 1992. Allelopathic effect of some essential oils of plants on phytopathogenic fungi. Proceedings of the First National Symposium on Allelopathy in Agroecosystems, P. Tauro and S.S. Narwal editors., Indian Society of Allelopathy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India. pp. 187 188.
• Sivagurunathan, M, Devi, GS, and Ramasamy, K. 1997. Allelopathic compounds in Eucalyptus spp. Allelopathy Journal 4:313-320.
• Smith, ML. 1990. Water soluble extracts from leaves of shining sumac inhibit germination and radicle growth of loblolly pine. Tree Planters' Notes 41:33-34.
• Souto, XC, Gonzalez, L, and Reigosa, MJ. 1995. Allelopathy in forest environment in Galicia, NW Spain. Allelopathy Journal 2:67-78.
• Srinivasan, K, Ramasamy, M, and Shantha, R. 1990. Tolerance of pulse crops to allelochemicals of tree species. Indian Journal of Pulses Research 3:40-44.
• Talley, SM, Lawton, RO, and Setzer, WN. 1996. Host preferences of Rhus radicans in a southern deciduous hardwood forest. Ecology 77:1271-1276.
• Tang, C-S, W-F. Cai, K. Kohl, and R.K. Nishimoto. 1995. Plant stress and allelopathy. Chapter 11 in Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications edited by Inderjit, K.M.M. Dakshini, and F.A. Einhellig. American Chemical Society Symposium Series #582. Washington D.C. pp. 142-157.
• Tann, CC. 1986. Nitrogen fixation and allelopathy in arid and forest soils in the western United States. Dissertation Abstracts International, B Sciences and Engineering 47:2239B-2240B.
• Thakur, VC, and Bhardwaj, SD. 1994. Allelopathic effect of tree leaf extracts on germination of wheat and maize. Seed Research 20:153-154.
• Thompson, ID, and Mallik, AU. 1989. Moose browsing and allelopathic effects of Kalmia angustifolia on balsam fir regeneration in central Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:524-526.
• Tinnin, RO, and Kirkpatrick, LA. 1985. The allelopathic influence of broadleaf trees and shrubs on seedlings of Douglas fir. Forest Science 31:945-952.
• Tolliver, KS, Colley, DM, and Young, DR. 1995. Inhibitory effects of Myrica cerifera on Pinus taeda. American Midland Naturalist 133:256-263.
• van Sambeek, JW, Kobe, JM, Fralish, JS. 1997. Interference with shoot growth and flowering of dittany (Cunila origanoides) by hardwood leachates. Proceedings of the 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, S.G. Pallardy, R.A. Cecich, H.G. Garrett, and P.S. Johnson, editors. General Technical Report North Central Forest Experiment Station, USDA Forest Service. #NC188, p.294-303.
• Ward, HA, and McCormick, LH. 1982. Eastern hemlock allelopathy. Forest Science 28: 681-686.
• Weetman, GF, Fournier, R, Barker, J, Schnorbus, and Panozzo, E. 1989. Foliar analysis and response of fertilized chlorotic western hemlock and western red cedar reproduction on salal dominated cedar hemlock cutovers on Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19:1512-1520.
• Weidenhamer, JD, Hartnett, DC, and Romeo, JT. 1989. Density dependent phytotoxicity: distinguishing resource competition and allelopathic interference in plants. Journal of Applied Ecology 26:613-624.
• Wilt, FM, Miller, GC, and Everett, RL. 1988. Monoterpene concentrations in litter and soil of single leaf pinyon woodlands of the western Great Basin. Great Basin Naturalist 48:228-231.
• Yadav, SS, Nandal, DPS, Hooda, MS, and Bahadur, R. 1996. Effects of Eucalyptus leaves and bark extracts on germination and growth of mustard. Proceedings of the International Conference Allelopathy: Field Observations and Methodology (Volume 1). S.S. Narwal and P. Tauro, editors. pp. 295-298. Scientific Publishers, Jodphur, India .
• Zhang, Q. 1993. Potential role of allelopathy in the soil and the decomposing root of Chinese fir replant woodland. Plant and Soil 151:205-210.