Chapter 10 Questions and Answers
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10.1 Using area control, regulate an even-aged forest in one rotation. The following inventory, growth and yield data, and management prescription apply to this forest:
1. Current inventory
Age |
Acres |
Volume per Acre (f 3) |
|---|---|---|
| 150 | 150,000 | 5,000 |
| 100 | 60,000 | 3,000 |
2. Growth on current inventory. 10 percent per decade.
3. Management prescription for future stands. An intermediate harvest at age 10 of 500 f 3/acre and a regeneration harvest at rotation age of 30.
4. Yield of future stands
Age |
Volume per acre (f 3) |
|---|---|
| 0 | 0 |
| 10 | 1500 x |
| 20 | 2000 y |
| 30 | 3000 y |
| 40 | 5000 y |
xVolume before intermediate harvest.
yThese volumes assume the intermediate harvest at age 10.
5. No regeneration lag. Regeneration starts as soon as stand is cut.
Use the following procedure:
1. Use 10-year periods.
2. Make the necessary harvest at the beginning of the period and then grow the stands
to the next period.
3. For regeneration harvests, always cut the oldest stand first.
For the first three periods, report:
(a) Acres and volume cut by age class for both intermediate and final harvests and
total acres and volume harvested.
(b) Growth by age class and total growth between periods.
(c) Inventory in each period, in terms of acres and volume per acre by age class, before harvest and after harvest but before growth. Also, report total inventory volume in each period.
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10.2 You have been given the following data and assumptions regarding the Shenandoah Forest:
1. Data
| Tree volume in cubic feet. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Stand | Age (years) | Area (acres) | Stocking (%) |
| 1 | 15 | 300 | 100 |
| 2 | 25 | 400 | 100 |
| 3 | 45 | 500 | 100 |
Planning horizon: three periods
Period length: 10 years
Minimum harvest age: 10 years
| Yield of fully stocked stands | |
|---|---|
| Age (years) | Volume per acre (M f 3) |
| 0 | 0 |
| 10 | 0.50 |
| 20 | 1.50 |
| 30 | 2.50 |
| 40 | 3.00 |
| 50 | 3.25 |
| 60 | 3.50 |
| 70 | 3.75 |
2. Assumptions
(a) All stands are cut at the midperiod age.
(b) Cut acres in any of the three stands by clearcutting using an "oldest first" priority rule.
(c) Maximize the even-flow volume harvested over the planning horizon subject to
a constraint leaving the forest after harvest in the third period such that its
growth between the third and fourth periods is at least as much as obtained
from a forest regulated on a 30-year rotation. You determine this needed growth rate.
Do two iterations of the area and volume check approach using 1000 as the trial harvest for the first iteration. Use the computation formats of table 10.xx or table 10.xx. Would you raise or lower the harvest for the third iteration? Explain.
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10.3 Regulation of an uneven-aged forest. You are the manager of a very rapidly growing uneven-aged forest that you want to regulate. You are given the following data:
1. Initial inventory
| Compartment | Volume per acre (MBF) | Acres |
|---|---|---|
| A | 6 | 100 |
| B | 10 | 100 |
| C | 14 | 100 |
| D | 24 | 100 |
2. Growth of future stands (MBF)
| Volume of RGS | Annual growth |
|---|---|
| 6 | 2.4 |
| 8 | 2.8 |
| 10 | 3.2 |
| 12 | 3.4 |
| 14 | 3.6 |
| 16 | 3.4 |
| 18 | 3.2 |
| 20 | 3.0 |
| 22 | 2.8 |
| 24 | 2.6 |
| 26 | 2.6 |
| 28+ | 2.4 |
3. Growth and yield of 10 MBF reserve growing stock
| Years of growth |
Initial volume (MBF) |
Annual growth (MBF) |
Volume after 1 year (MBF) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10.0 | 3.2 | 13.2 |
| 2 | 13.2 | 3.6 | 16.8 |
| 3 | 16.8 | 3.4 | 20.2 |
| 4 | 20.2 | 3.0 | 23.2 |
4. Management prescription
Cutting cycle: 4 years
Reserve growing stock: 10 MBF
PAI of regulated forest: 3.3 MBF per acre per year [(23.2 - 10.0) / 4]
Long-term sustained yield: 1320 MBF / year (PAI x forest acres)
Cut, then grow.
Using this information, regulate this uneven-aged forest under each of the following two sets of guidelines
(a) Are control guidelines
(i) one complete compartment should be cut each year.
(ii) no cutting shall reduce the RGS (residual growing stock) below 10 MBF / acre.
(iii) The compartment with the highest volume per acre must be cut.
(b) Area control with minimum harvest level guidelines
(i) No cutting shall reduce a compartment RGS below 10 MBF.
(ii) Harvest may occur in more than one compartment in a year, but all of the
compartments must be cut with the same volume per acre removed.
(iii) A minimum of 2 MBF / acre must be cut from any harvested acre.
(iv) At least 1000 MBF in total must be harvested each year.
(v) The forest should be area regulated by 8 years (that is, the 100-acre
compartment chosen to be harvested every year starting in year 9 must yield 1320 MBF).
(vi) Harvest volume must be nondeclining from year to year.
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